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Everything You Need To Know About Biting and Breastfeeding

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Melissa Portunato MPH, IBCLC, RLC

Not all babies bite and the ones that do learn pretty quickly that mama does not like it and stop. If you’re part of the lucky few that does have a baby shark don’t worry mamas! Biting down at the breast is almost always temporary. With patience, time and support your breastfeeding journey doesn’t have to come to an end. Check out our expert tips to keep your baby from chomping down and get you back on track with breastfeeding pain free! 

Why does my baby bite down when nursing? 

Teething 
Every baby is different, but generally babies will start to cut their first tooth between 3 months and 12 months. During this time, baby’s gums can get sore and the pressure of biting down can bring them relief. Freeze a washcloth dipped in breastmilk and before nursing let baby chew on it. Breastmilk triggers the production of endorphins, a natural pain numbing effect. The anti inflammatory properties in breastmilk may also help reduce soreness and pain. Wrap your finger around the cold washcloth and softly massage the gums providing counter pressure before nursing. Massaging the cheeks and ears from the outside can also help soothe pain. These techniques can relax baby before nursing and they will be less likely to bite down. 

Sometimes teething can result in a shallow latch which overtime can make nipples tender. Try “breast shaping” and compression when nursing to better position the baby on the nipple. Using lying back breastfeeding and dangle feeding can help your nipple go deeper into the baby’s mouth. 

Baby not feeling well 
Other reasons babies might bite down when nursing could be because of a sickness like a cold, ear infection, sinus pressure, headache, or a stuffy nose. If baby has nasal congestion, use a mucous removal tool, like a nasal bulb or the NoseFrida, to clear baby’s nasal passage before nursing. Use breastmilk or saline water to moisten the inside of the nostrils before suctioning to make the process less irritating. Nursing your baby in an upright position, straddled on your lap, or using a sling or carrier can help make the airway stay clear and make breathing easier.

Oral Restriction
Sometimes newborns will clamp down when nursing at the breast. It doesn’t always mean there are oral restrictions but it could be an indicator. Oral restrictions can vary and can come in the form of a tongue tie, lip tie, and buccal tie (these ties can be found on the inside of the cheek). The shape of the palette and tongue can also influence how a baby will nurse at the breast. If your baby continues to clamp down when nursing, work closely with your pediatrician and connect with your local International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, IBCLC for a thorough breastfeeding consultation to determine the cause of the issue and develop a plan for resolution. 

Forceful Letdown 
If mom has a forceful letdown this can also cause a baby to clench down on the nipple. Using nursing positions that are counter gravity can slow the overactive letdown and baby will be able to manage milk flow easier. Nursing lying back with baby’s body flat directly over you or sitting baby upright to nurse can slow the flow, allowing baby the rhythmic suck and swallow necessary for nutritive feeding. In addition, hand expressing first or pumping for 5 min prior to nursing sessions can help baby latch on easier and slow forceful letdown too! 

What else can I do to make baby stop biting? 

No matter the reason for biting it can be painful. Try not to scream! Instead, put your baby down in a safe place and leave the room. It’s important to know a baby that is actively nursing can not physically bite down on the breast. Babies tend to bite down towards the end of a feeding, when distracted, or not interested. Watch your baby closely when nursing and end the nursing session before baby has the opportunity to bite down. Babies are pretty keen at sensing our body language and behavior. Talk to your baby often when nursing. Tell your baby things like “we don’t bite mama” or “biting hurts mama, outchy.” Babies look for facial expressions to communicate. Be expressive with your emotions when you talk to your baby. Smile and positively reassure your baby when latch on happens carefully and smoothly. 

Managing Nipple Pain and Milk Supply
If baby’s biting has your nipples sore, caused abrasions, or cuts be sure to treat them to prevent infection. Air dry as much as possible and wash with non antibacterial soap in the shower. Applying a cool hydrogel can soothe sore nipples and keep them healthy. For deeper cuts and abrasions temporarily applying a mupirocin, prescribed by your doctor, can help speed up healing and avoid infection. Small amounts on the nipples do not need to be wiped away before nursing. Always remember mamas! Your doctor is always a quick call away if something doesn’t seem right. 

If nursing directly at the breast has become too painful, pump to maintain your milk supply. Use the slow 38 cycle steady with the Spectra breast pump S1/S2 and lubricate the tunnel well with breastmilk or olive oil to prevent friction and further discomfort. Be gentle on your breasts and nipples. Use massage and compression to stimulate more effective letdowns allowing for less time on the pump. 

Remember you and your baby are a dyad. You are one. Your baby will learn quickly biting hurts mama and they will stop. Your baby loves you and doesn’t want to knowingly hurt you! You’re an amazing mom and your baby thinks so too.

References

Nishitani S, Miyamura T, Tagawa M. et al. The calming effect of a maternal breast milk odor on the human newborn infant. Neurosci Res (2009) 63(1): 66-71

In: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2018 Oct 31.

http://www.nancymohrbacher.com/breastfeeding-resources-1/2016/6/10/your-breastfeeding-baby-is-biting-you

What is Power Pumping?

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By Melissa Portunato MPH, IBCLC, RLC

Power pumping is a strategy used to increase milk supply by mimicking a baby cluster feeding at the breast. Cluster feeding is normal newborn behavior associated with short, frequent feeding patterns at the breast. Power pumping is intended to recreate this behavior, stimulating healthy milk production. 

Do I really have a low milk supply? 

Before starting power pumping, first, evaluate if you truly have a low milk supply. The average milk output for mothers exclusively pumping is 25-30 ounces per day, and if baby is brought to the breast as well, expect about half the amount. Working closely with an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant can determine the root cause and help you successfully meet your breastfeeding goals.

When’s the best time to power pump?

Most mothers find the evening is a great time! Baby is sleeping, you have extra hands on deck ready to soothe baby if needed, and you can relax. Ideally, find the time that works best for you when you can have an uninterrupted full hour of on and off pumping. 

How often should I power pump?

It’s not recommended to power pump long term but rather 1-2x a day for four consecutive days. There’re many different ways to power pump, but the main idea is on and off breast stimulation for one full hour. In most cases, it should be done in addition to your regular pumping sessions, even though sometimes it can be used to replace a pump session mostly for moms exclusively pumping. Remember, every mom is different, but power pumping every 3-4 weeks can be an easy tool to apply and kick start milk production. 

Power Pumping Quick Guide 

Power pumping can be done on one breast or both breasts with a hospital strength electric pump or a manual hand pump. See the easy-to-follow guides below to get started. 

Single breast power pumping:

  • Pump left breast for 10 minutes
  • Pump right breast for 10 minutes
  • Pump left breast for 10 minutes
  • Pump right breast for 10 minutes
  • Pump left breast for 10 minutes
  • Pump right breast for 10 minutes

Double breast power pumping:

  • Pump 20 minutes
  • Rest 10 minutes
  • Pump 10 minutes
  • Rest 10 minutes
  • Pump 10 minutes

Don’t watch the clock as much as letting your body take the lead. If you have a letdown, wait before stopping again to rest. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see an increase right away. The extra stimulation is signaling your body to make more milk. Be patient. It can take about a week after you have stopped power pumping to see an increase. 

Do you have more questions about power pumping? 

Spectra Baby USA is happy to help! Schedule a virtual consultation with one of our IBCLCs today and get the support you need to meet your breastfeeding goals successfully! We’re here for you, and we support you! 

Sources: 

Mohrbacher, N. (2012, November 27). How Much Milk Should You Expect to Pump? Retrieved July 27, 2020, from http://www.nancymohrbacher.com/articles/2012/11/27/how-much-milk-should-you-expect-to-pump.html 

Bonyata, K. (2018, January 3). Cluster Feeding and Fussy Evenings • KellyMom.com. KellyMom.com. https://kellymom.com/parenting/parenting-faq/fussy-evening/. 

 

Top Breastfeeding Challenges and How to Overcome Them

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By Melissa Portunato MPH, IBCLC, RLC

You had envisioned yourself latching your beautiful new baby to your breast, and it would instantly be magical. Pure bliss! But breastfeeding didn’t come as easy as you thought it would, and it feels far from magical. Instead, you feel frustrated, disappointed, and feel like giving up. The truth is, for most of us, breastfeeding is not what we thought it would be like at all. Just like with anything worthwhile in life, breastfeeding takes hard work and commitment. Let us help you get past those pesky common challenges so you can begin to truly bond with your baby.

Here are the Top 10 most common breastfeeding challenges and solutions to get you through those tough times and into a happy place with breastfeeding. 

#1 Painful Latch

Every time you know feeding time is coming around, your toes curl, and you start to get major anxiety because it hurts to latch your baby to your breast! Most likely, it’s because your nipple is rubbing on the roof of your baby’s mouth, causing discomfort. So how can you work on perfecting the latch to get rid of this dreadful feeling? Adjust your body, adjust your baby, and adjust your breast to what feels comfortable and relieves tension. Do this by practicing  “natural breastfeeding,” or also called “laid-back breastfeeding.” If you are using a traditional hold like the cradle or football hold, start the feeding with your nipple above baby’s nose, wait for baby to open wide, and then bring baby quickly (chin first) towards you. This technique can help aim your nipple deeper into your baby’s mouth. When done correctly, you should instantly feel a difference. Phew!

#2 Sleepy Baby at Breast

You changed baby’s diaper, tickled their toes, got them all undressed, and still can’t seem to wake baby from dreamland. A newborn baby should be nursing a minimum of 8 to 12 times per day. If baby is still not at their birth weight, they most definitely need to be woken up to feed throughout the night. For the first six weeks, try NOT to swaddle baby or offer a pacifier. This can interfere with nursing cues and cause baby to feel full and cozy and not want to nurse. Hand express for a few minutes before offering the breast to soften the breast, allowing for baby to latch easier. Sometimes, just a few drops of breastmilk on a sleepy baby’s lips will get them to want to nurse. Use breast compressions while you nurse. This can help keep your baby stay awake because of the steady flow of milk.

If your chubster is already back up at their birth weight, talk to your pediatrician. It’s most likely OK to hit the snooze button on that alarm. Finally rest!

#3 Cluster Feeding 

You feel your baby is practically attached to you morning, noon, and night. You can’t catch a break and you’re tapped out! Cluster feeding is when baby bunches nursing sessions close together about every 45-60 minutes. This feeding pattern is typical for young babies and coincides with growth development, but cluster feeding can be exhausting. Wearing your baby in a wrap or sling will allow you to be hands-free and get work done around the house or on the go! Check out more tips on our baby-wearing blog post here. 

We promise, there is hope! These marathon feedings will increase your milk supply and are typically followed by long sleeping stretches for baby. Sit back, relax, and scroll through your favorite newsfeed. Sleep is on the horizon. 

#4 Baby Refusing the Breast

If your baby was nursing and suddenly refuses the breast, you could be experiencing a nursing strike. Nursing strikes will typically last from just a few short days to over a week. They can be caused by various factors like an illness, teething, significant changes in routine, or long periods of separation from your baby.

Take it back to the basics! Dim the lights and do skin to skin with baby on your bare chest with only a diaper. Offer the breast frequently but, don’t ever force baby! It should be a gentle “wooing” back. You can even have baby gently wake up next to your bare breast. Often, babies will be more willing to nurse when just waking up. Limit bottles as much as possible and offer the breast first. Don’t wait until baby is too hungry. Try to have someone else give the bottle besides mommy.

#5 Sore Nipples

Your nipple is elastic, and as it begins to stretch, you can experience soreness. Soreness in the first few weeks is normal but should subside after about two weeks. Continued soreness, pain, cracking, and bleeding are not normal. It’s best to work closely with an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant to ensure baby is latched on properly. The best way to treat sore nipples is with your very own breast milk! Yep, pretty incredible, huh? Studies show the antibacterial properties in breastmilk make it the perfect substance to heal nipples and keep them healthy. Hand express breast milk on your nipples after every feeding and apply a cool hydrogel. Make sure you are changing your breast pads frequently. This will help prevent any infection and allow your nipples to heal faster. Your nipples will be feeling better in no time! 

#6 Engorgement

It’s been a few days, and your milk has officially made its grand entrance. HELLO! Engorgement can make it difficult for baby to latch. To help, you can apply a warm cloth and softly massage your breasts a few minutes before nursing. It’s crucial during this time to nurse frequently! Offer the breast often and use Reverse Pressure Softening, a technique that moves swelling upward and into the breast, providing relief from engorgement. If after nursing or pumping you still feel engorged, fill up a large basin with warm water and lean over it to let gravity naturally drain any excess milk from your breasts. After you’re done, you can ice or use a cold compress for 10 min to help bring down any swelling.

Call your healthcare practitioner if you have redness on your breasts; they feel hot to the touch; you have a fever or chills because it could sign an infection.

#7 Clogged Ducts

Ouch! Clogged ducts can be extremely painful but completely treatable. How did you even get them in the first place? A blocked duct can be caused by various reasons, from prolonged time without milk removal, shallow latch, restrictive clothing, or even stress. The fastest way to treat clogged ducts is by frequently nursing or pumping. Try nursing in the “dangling feed” position or “dangle pumping.” Practice massaging your breasts while nursing or pumping, no matter what position you use each time. You want to start massaging above where you feel the clog and gently move towards the nipple. You can use a warm compress before you nurse or pump to help with milk removal.

Alternate heat and cold on the area affected. If you find you have a milk blister or bleb, avoid trying to squeeze because it can make things worse. The milk blister or bleb will naturally draw out as the clog subsides.

The most important thing to remember with clogged ducts is that they should progressively get better, not worse. Most clogged ducts subside within 48 hours. If pain continues or other symptoms appear, give your doctor a call.

#8 Tongue Tie

You’ve spent countless hours looking under your baby’s tongue and upper lip, comparing it to pictures you found on the internet to try and assess. A tongue-tie is when the connective tissue under your baby’s tongue is too tight, too thick, or both. A tongue-tie is commonly accompanied by a lip tie – the upper lip tissue connecting to the gum can be tight or too thick. Both tongue and lip ties can restrict mobility in oral function, causing issues with breastfeeding.

Unfortunately, ties often go undiagnosed. Signs of a tongue or lip tie can include loud clicking when baby is nursing, baby is not gaining weight, has reflux, or you continue to experience nipple soreness. A specialist such as an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant or a Pediatric Dentist can evaluate your baby and provide effective treatment to ensure the breastfeeding relationship can continue. 

#9 Thrush

Stabbing nipple pain, itchiness, and shiny or flaky skin on the nipple or areola can all be signs of thrush. Thrush is a common fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of yeast or “candida.” Candida can be found in its natural environment pretty much all over the human body, but when it starts to multiply, it can cause an infection. Thrush can be a side effect of antibiotics too!  Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing any of the above symptoms and suspect you have thrush. Both you and the baby will need to be treated. Ask about starting probiotics for the both of you, which can help replenish the healthy bacteria in the gut for a quicker recovery and, most importantly, prevent thrush from recurring. 

Rinsing your nipples with a vinegar and water solution (1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar preferred to 1 cup water) or baking soda in water (1 tablespoon per cup) can help stop the spread. Use a fresh cotton ball for each application and mix a new solution every day. Limiting sugar can also help! Make sure you wash and sanitize your pumping parts after every use. 

#10 Mastitis

Last but not least, you think you might have the most dreaded condition in the whole breastfeeding universe; Mastitis. Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue. Symptoms of mastitis include redness of the breast, hard lumps, hot to the touch, and feeling like you’re catching a nasty flu bug. If symptoms persist or get worse after a few days, call your doctor to ensure infection is not brewing. 

There are many causes of mastitis, including lack of breastmilk removal, worsening clogged ducts, change in breastfeeding patterns, and even a tight bra! It’s essential to continue to breastfeed during this time and keep your milk flowing. Make sure you REST and get plenty of fluids, as this often can occur due to a suppressed immune system. You need to take care of yourself so that you can take care of your little one!

Tips for relief are the same as when treating a clogged duct. See tip #7.

If you are experiencing any one of these common breastfeeding issues and still can’t seem to find relief, trust your mommy instincts and seek professional help from an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant. Never quit on your worst day! Always remember why you wanted to breastfeed in the first place. Surrounding yourself with breastfeeding support will make a world of difference. Join our online community on Facebook and connect yourself with other moms who will meet you exactly where you are on your breastfeeding journey. You’re not alone in your struggles, and you’re doing the very best you can!

 

Sources:

Colson, S. D., Meek, J. H., & Hawdon, J. M. (2008). Optimal positions for the release of primitive neonatal reflexes stimulating breastfeeding. Early Human Development, 84(7), 441-449.

Newman, J., & Newman, J. (n.d.). Are you worried your baby’s not getting enough breastmilk? International BreastFeeding Centre. https://ibconline.ca/breastcompression/. 

Thrush. La Leche League International. (2020, August 6). https://www.llli.org/breastfeeding-info/thrush/#:~:text=Rinsing%20your%20nipples%20with%20a,Wash%20your%20hands%20thoroughly. 

 

 

Surviving Cluster Feeding and Those Long, Fussy Nights

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by Jenny Silverstone

If you’re breastfeeding your baby, you may have been warned about cluster feeding by your other mom friends. It can be a difficult phase to get through and you may even question if you are making enough milk, but we’ve got your back with all the information you’ll need.

What is Cluster Feeding?

Cluster feeding is a normal phase, especially for breastfed babies. While babies eat often — somewhere between 8 to 12 times in a single day — with cluster feedings, a lot of those feedings will be close together. It often happens in the evening — suddenly your baby will want to be at your breast endlessly.  Cluster feeding is completely normal and usually occurs in your baby’s first six months. You’ll likely see it for the first time soon after your baby is born. It’s a hard time for moms. It’s tiring, and it prevents them from getting anything else done.  Cluster feeding may last just a couple days or it can last for a few weeks. Only your baby will decide that — it will know when and for how long it needs more milk. Your little one is basically telling your body to increase your milk supply with the extra stimulation at breast to meet their growing body’s nutritional needs.

What Causes Cluster Feeding?

No one is really certain what causes cluster feeding. It could be caused by a variety of reasons. Perhaps a baby is having a growth spurt and needs more milk to fuel it. And since so many cluster feedings tend to occur at night, it can feel soothing to your baby to do when they are undergoing developmental stages.

How Cluster Feeding Can Help Moms

Because your baby is attached to your breast for sometimes hours at a stretch, cluster feeding doesn’t feel like a good thing for you, even though you may love the extra snuggles from your babies. But it’s so demanding, it can leave you feeling exhausted and overwhelmed.  When that happens, you need to keep the positives of cluster feeding in your mind so you feel better about your situation. Looking on the bright side can really help, so here are a couple of big positives about cluster feeding.

  • It can increase your milk supply: Because your milk supply ramps up with frequent breastfeeding or pumping sessions, you’ll feel less worried about potentially running out of milk as your baby grows. You can use that extra milk to build up your freezer stash. It’s amazing how your body knows exactly what to do to meet your baby’s needs!
  • Your baby might sleep longer stretches in the night: There’s an outside possibility that cluster feeding might make your child sleep longer at night, which means you could also sleep longer. While there’s no guarantee, it’s nice to have that to daydream about — a good night’s sleep.

How To Survive Cluster Feeding

Any way you slice it, cluster feeding is tough. Your baby will be so fussy, you’ll wonder what’s going on, and after a while, you’re going to be tired of being treated like an all-you-can-eat buffet. You may feel like you’re barely clinging to sanity, but there are some ways you can take the sting out of the experience.

  • Make a cluster feeding kit: You’re going to be tied up for hours during these cluster feeding sessions so you need to be prepared. Have a movie ready to watch, have snacks and water nearby, and grab a few magazines or a book to keep on hand.
  • Enlist help: You’re the only one with the breast milk your baby needs, but that doesn’t mean others can’t help too. Your partner should also be in on this non-stop fun. If your baby takes a break in the breastfeeding action, even just for a few minutes, hand your little one off to your partner and give your body a much-needed break.
  • Don’t skimp on the food and drinks: Aim for nutritious food and don’t forget to stay well-hydrated. Breastfeeding is a lot of work for your body and it needs all the nourishment it can get. Breastfeeding torches an estimated 500 calories a day normally, and you may burn more than that when your baby cluster feeds.
  • Get enough sleep: Because of all the extra feedings, you’re going to be more tired than ever. Even if it’s the early evening hours and you have a million other things you’d rather be doing, lay down when your baby does and try to get some power naps in there.
  • Let your baby dictate what it wants: You might be so tired of breastfeeding after a few days of cluster feeding that you’ll look for other ways to soothe your baby. Babies know what they want and what they need when it comes to how much milk they take in, so feed them as often as they need it.
  • Give your arms a rest: Put your baby down whenever possible — in a baby swing, a crib, or a pack ‘n play. Babies may be light, but they feel super heavy on the arms after a while. You could potentially be holding your baby for hours, so you need to pencil in a break for your arms whenever you can.
  • Let the chores go: Your house may look like a disaster zone during cluster feeding episodes, and you’ll have to be okay with that. You can ask your partner to pitch in more during this time. If that’s not possible, just let it go and do your best to catch up with it when things are back to normal.
  • Don’t turn on the lights at night: If your baby gets up frequently in the night during cluster feeding episodes, make it your goal to get your baby back to sleep as soon as possible. Keep those lights off, don’t make any loud noises, and change their diaper before the feeding begins so they can be put in their crib as soon as they get their nourishment.

Making Sure Your Nipples Can Handle It

Even if you sail through the exhaustion and all the sitting you’re going to have to do, you still might have other issues with cluster feeding. Your mind might be strong, but your nipples could be feeling like they have been dipped in lava.  What’s a girl to do when her nipples are cracked and possibly bleeding but her baby is screaming for more? First of all, ensure that you have the baby latched properly at breast to prevent nipple trauma. It’s not about having baby on like a “bullseye”; it’s more about the proper latch. If you are concerned baby is only getting the nipple when latching, reach out to a Lactation Consultant for help.

Outside of proper latch and positioning, here are some solutions when you feel like your nipples have gone around with sandpaper.

  • Put nipple cream to work: Nipple cream can be soothing. You can either use coconut oil, creams available in stores, or you can even try rubbing a few drops of breast milk over your nipples when feeding time is done. If you use a cream, make sure to wash it off your nipples before feeding your baby again if that’s required on the instructions.
  • Skip the tight bras: While your nipples are sore, you should avoid tight bras or ones that are made of scratchy material. That will just make you feel even worse.
  • Use warm moisture: Keeping your nipples hydrated will help and using warm, not hot, water will feel soothing and keep them from drying out. You can put a damp and warm towel over your nipples for a few minutes and see if that helps.
  • Ditch the shirt: If you don’t have any older children living with you and you have shades or blinds up over your windows to block you from any nosy neighbors, you can go shirtless too. That will stop any unnecessary chafing.
  • Use different positions while breastfeeding: Changing the angle slightly during each session may protect your nipples a bit.

Should You Be Concerned?

When your baby deviates from their established routine or what is normal for them, of course, you’re going to be worried. You’ll wonder if something is wrong with your baby or if you’re doing something incorrectly to cause them to act that way.  To make yourself feel better and cover your bases, make sure your baby is still frequently having wet and dirty (stool) diapers in case you are suddenly having problems with your supply. You should see at least five very wet diapers a day from your baby — if you don’t see this many, call your doctor.  It may also be a good idea to call your doctor or Lactation Consultant if your baby’s cluster feeding has gone on for more than a few days. While it can be normal for it to last longer than that, you’ll probably be really worried by this point and a quick doctor’s visit would be worth it to ease your mind.

You Can Do It, Super Mom!

Cluster feedings are just a minor speed bump during all the years you’ll have as a parent, so it’s helpful to keep it in perspective when you’re in the midst of it and it feels insurmountable. You’ll be through this challenge in just a few days and you’ll feel more confident that you can get through anything.

About the Author

Jenny Silverstone is the mother of two, and breastfeeding advocate and an editor and writer for the popular parenting blog Mom Loves Best. Jenny’s loves helping inspire and educate other mothers on all topics related to breastfeeding, pumping breastmilk, and dealing with low milk supply.